1st Year Biology Chapter # 2 Biological Molecules Notes
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| 1st Year Biology Chapter # Biological Molecules Notes |
Key Points:
- In this chapter we will read cellulose is digested by the herbivores but not by humans.
- Why lipids store double the amount of energy as compared to the same amount of any carbohydrate.
- What are different classes of lipids or classify lipids, what are acylglycerols.
- Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. give examples.
- How fatty acids of animals differ from those of plants.
- Give the characters of globular proteins, or what are globular proteins.
- From which cells nucleic acids were isolated.
- Why nucleic acids are give that name.
- How many types of nucleic acids are there.
- What is the effect of room temperature on fats.
1:Cellulose is handled by the herbivores yet not by individuals. Why?
In the herbivores (ox-like, wild bull, etc.,) it is handled because of microorganisms (infinitesimal life forms, yeasts, protozoa) in their stomach related tract. These microorganisms emanate a protein called cellulase for its handling. It isn't prepared in the human stomach related tract as it needs cellulase emanating living creatures.
2:What are lipids?
The lipids are a heterogeneous social occasion of blends related to unsaturated fats. They are insoluble in water anyway dissolvable in regular solvents, for instance, ether, alcohol, chloroform and benzene. Lipids fuse fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, and related blends.
3:Why lipids store twofold the proportion of imperativeness when stood out from a comparative proportion of any sugar?
In light of higher degree of C-H protections and low degree of oxygen, lipids store twofold the proportion of essentialness when diverged from a comparable proportion of any starch.
4:What are different classes of lipids? Or then again portray lipids.
Lipids have been assigned aclyglycerols, waxes; phospholipids. Sphingolipids, glycolipids and terpenoid – lipids including carotenoids and steroids.
5:What are acylglycerols?
Falsely; acylglycerols can be described as esters of unsaturated fats and alcohol. Acylglycerols are made out of glycerol and unsaturated fats. The most by and large spread acylgycerol is triacyl glcerol, furthermore called triglycerides or unprejudiced lipids.
6:What is an ester? Express it with a condition.
An ester is a compound made in light of a substance reaction of an alcohol with a destructive and a water molecule is released.
C2H5OH + HOOCCH3 — > C2H5OCOCH3 + H2O
7:Separate among doused and unsaturated fats. Give models.
The unsaturated fats which contain no twofold security are called drenched unsaturated fats e.g., acidic destructive, butyric destructive, palmitic destructive while those which have up to 6 twofold protections are called unsaturated fats e.g., Oleic Acid.
8:How unsaturated fats of animals fluctuate from those of plants?
In animals the unsaturated fats are straight chains, while in plants these may be fanned or ringed. 59. Consider the dissolvability and mellowing motivations behind palmitic and butyric acids. Ans: Palmitic destructive (C16) is impressively more dissolvable in common dissolvable than butyric destructive (CA). The condensing motivation behind palmitic destructive is 63.1°C as against - 8°C for butyric destructive.
9:Give cases of strong proteins.
Models are silk fiber (from silk worm, and frightening little creatures web), myosin (in muscle cells) fibrin (of blood bunch), keratin (of nails and hair), and collagen (in connective tissues of skin, bones, ligaments, etc.).
10:Give the characters of globular proteins, or What are globular proteins?
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These are round or ellipsoidal as a result of various crumbling of polypeptide chains.
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Tertiary structure is most noteworthy in them.
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They are dissolvable in liquid media, for instance, salt course of action, plan of acids or bases, or watery alcohol. They can be set .They mistake for changes in the physical and physiological condition.
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Give cases of globular proteins.
-
Models are impetuses, antibodies, hormones and hemoglobin.
11:From which cells nucleic acids were withdrawn?
Nucleic acids were first separated in 1870 by an Austrian specialist Friedrich Miescher from the centers of release cells.
12:Why nucleic acids are give that name?
In view of their partition from centers and their acidic nature, they were named re nucleic acids.
13:What number of sorts of nucleic acids are there?
Nucleic acids are of two sorts, deoxyribonucleic destructive or DNA and ribonucleic destructive or RNA.
14:What is the effect of room temperature on fats?
Fats containing unsaturated fats are ordinarily liquid at room temperature and are said to be oils. Fats containing drenched unsaturated fats are solids. Animal fats are solid at room temperature, however most of the plant fats are liquid.
1:Cellulose is handled by the herbivores yet not by individuals. Why?
In the herbivores (ox-like, wild bull, etc.,) it is handled because of microorganisms (infinitesimal life forms, yeasts, protozoa) in their stomach related tract. These microorganisms emanate a protein called cellulase for its handling. It isn't prepared in the human stomach related tract as it needs cellulase emanating living creatures.
2:What are lipids?
The lipids are a heterogeneous social occasion of blends related to unsaturated fats. They are insoluble in water anyway dissolvable in regular solvents, for instance, ether, alcohol, chloroform and benzene. Lipids fuse fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, and related blends.
3:Why lipids store twofold the proportion of imperativeness when stood out from a comparative proportion of any sugar?
In light of higher degree of C-H protections and low degree of oxygen, lipids store twofold the proportion of essentialness when diverged from a comparable proportion of any starch.
4:What are different classes of lipids? Or then again portray lipids.
Lipids have been assigned aclyglycerols, waxes; phospholipids. Sphingolipids, glycolipids and terpenoid – lipids including carotenoids and steroids.
5:What are acylglycerols?
Falsely; acylglycerols can be described as esters of unsaturated fats and alcohol. Acylglycerols are made out of glycerol and unsaturated fats. The most by and large spread acylgycerol is triacyl glcerol, furthermore called triglycerides or unprejudiced lipids.
6:What is an ester? Express it with a condition.
An ester is a compound made in light of a substance reaction of an alcohol with a destructive and a water molecule is released.
C2H5OH + HOOCCH3 — > C2H5OCOCH3 + H2O
7:Separate among doused and unsaturated fats. Give models.
The unsaturated fats which contain no twofold security are called drenched unsaturated fats e.g., acidic destructive, butyric destructive, palmitic destructive while those which have up to 6 twofold protections are called unsaturated fats e.g., Oleic Acid.
8:How unsaturated fats of animals fluctuate from those of plants?
In animals the unsaturated fats are straight chains, while in plants these may be fanned or ringed. 59. Consider the dissolvability and mellowing motivations behind palmitic and butyric acids. Ans: Palmitic destructive (C16) is impressively more dissolvable in common dissolvable than butyric destructive (CA). The condensing motivation behind palmitic destructive is 63.1°C as against - 8°C for butyric destructive.
9:Give cases of strong proteins.
Models are silk fiber (from silk worm, and frightening little creatures web), myosin (in muscle cells) fibrin (of blood bunch), keratin (of nails and hair), and collagen (in connective tissues of skin, bones, ligaments, etc.).
10:Give the characters of globular proteins, or What are globular proteins?
- These are round or ellipsoidal as a result of various crumbling of polypeptide chains.
- Tertiary structure is most noteworthy in them.
- They are dissolvable in liquid media, for instance, salt course of action, plan of acids or bases, or watery alcohol. They can be set .They mistake for changes in the physical and physiological condition.
- Give cases of globular proteins.
- Models are impetuses, antibodies, hormones and hemoglobin.
11:From which cells nucleic acids were withdrawn?
Nucleic acids were first separated in 1870 by an Austrian specialist Friedrich Miescher from the centers of release cells.
12:Why nucleic acids are give that name?
In view of their partition from centers and their acidic nature, they were named re nucleic acids.
13:What number of sorts of nucleic acids are there?
Nucleic acids are of two sorts, deoxyribonucleic destructive or DNA and ribonucleic destructive or RNA.
14:What is the effect of room temperature on fats?
Fats containing unsaturated fats are ordinarily liquid at room temperature and are said to be oils. Fats containing drenched unsaturated fats are solids. Animal fats are solid at room temperature, however most of the plant fats are liquid.
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